Which of the following is considered a class of carcinogens?

Biological agents are classified as a class of carcinogens due to their ability to induce cancer or promote tumor growth in living organisms. These agents can include viruses, bacteria, and parasites. For instance, certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) are known to cause cervical cancer, while hepatitis B and C viruses can lead to liver cancer. The classification of biological agents as carcinogens highlights the importance of understanding how infectious agents can contribute to cancer development and the need for preventive measures, such as vaccines and screenings.

In contrast, antibiotics, vitamins, and minerals do not fall under the classification of carcinogens. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and do not cause cancer. Vitamins and minerals, essential for various bodily functions, are generally recognized as safe and beneficial when consumed in appropriate amounts, although excessive intake of certain substances can have adverse effects. Thus, recognizing biological agents as carcinogens underscores critical health considerations in the field of sanitation and public health.